Kleine und große Linux AHAs
Beiträge getaggt mit 32bit
CPU Flags: Was will mir der Künstler damit sagen ?
17. Mrz
Manchmal ist es interessant zu wissen, was eine CPU wirklich kann. Kann meine CPU 64bit? Kann sie Virtualisierung?
Unter Linux bekommt man die Informationen mit Hilfe von
[root@hanswurst ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo processor : 0 vendor_id : GenuineIntel cpu family : 6 model : 23 model name : Intel(R) Core(TM)2 Quad CPU Q9550 @ 2.83GHz stepping : 10 cpu MHz : 1998.000 cache size : 6144 KB physical id : 0 siblings : 4 core id : 0 cpu cores : 4 fdiv_bug : no hlt_bug : no f00f_bug : no coma_bug : no fpu : yes fpu_exception : yes cpuid level : 13 wp : yes flags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe nx lm constant_tsc pni monitor ds_cpl vmx smx est tm2 cx16 xtpr lahf_lm bogomips : 5670.45
Interessant dabei ist der Eintrag “flags”. Beispielsweise bedeutet “lm” 64bit (Long Mode) – ist ja auch quasi direkt ersichtlich 
– “ht” -> Hyper Threading oder “vmx” ist die Virtualisierung.
Aber was bedeuten all die anderen flags ?
(sorry, das ganze Ding wollte ich nicht übersetzen)
| flag | meaning |
|---|---|
| 3DNOW | A multimedia extension created by AMD for its processors, based on / almost equivalent to Intel’s MMX extensions |
| 3DNOWEXT | 3DNOW Extended. Also known as AMD’s 3DNow!Enhanced 3DNow!Extensions |
| APIC | Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller |
| CLFSH/CLFlush | Cache Line Flush |
| CMOV | Conditional Move/Compare Instruction |
| CMP_Legacy | Register showing the CPU is not Hyper-Threading capable |
| Constant_TSC | on Intel P-4s, the TSC runs with constant frequency independent of cpu frequency when EST is used |
| CR8Legacy | ? |
| CX8 | CMPXCHG8B Instruction. (Compare and exchange 8 bytes. Also known as F00F, which is an abbreviation of the hexadecimal encoding of an instruction that exhibits a design flaw in the majority of older Intel Pentium CPU). |
| CX16 | CMPXCHG16B Instruction. (CMPXCHG16B allows for atomic operations on 128-bit double quadword (or oword) data types. This is useful for high resolution counters that could be updated by multiple processors (or cores). Without CMPXCHG16B the only way to perform such an operation is by using a critical section.) |
| DE | Debugging Extensions |
| DS | Debug Store |
| DS_CPL | CPL qualified Debug Store (whatever CPL might mean in this context) |
| DTS | Could mean Debug Trace Store or Digital Thermal Sensor, depending on source |
| EIST/EST | Enhanced Intel SpeedsTep |
| FXSR | FXSAVE/FXRSTOR. (The FXSAVE instruction writes the current state of the x87 FPU, MMX technology, Streaming SIMD Extensions, and Streaming SIMD Extensions 2 data, control, and status registers to the destination operand. The destination is a 512-byte memory location. FXRSTOR will restore the state saves). |
| FXSR_OPT | -unknown- |
| HT | Hyper-Transport. Note that the same abbreviation might is also used to indicate Hyper Threading (see below) |
| HTT/HT | Hyper-Threading. An Intel technology that allows quasi-parallel execution of different instructions on a single core. The single core is seen by applications as if it were two (or potentially more) cores. However, two true CPU cores are almost always faster than a single core with HyperThreading. This flag indicates support in the CPU when checking the flags in /proc/cpuinfo on Linux systems. |
| HVM | Hardware support for virtual machines (Xen abbreviation for AMD SVM / Intel VMX) |
| LAHF_LM | Load Flags into AH Register, Long Mode. |
| LM | Long Mode. (64bit Extensions, AMD’s AMD64 or Intel’s EM64T). |
| MCA | Machine Check Architecture |
| MCE | Machine Check Exception |
| MMX | It is rumoured to stand for MultiMedia eXtension or Multiple Math or Matrix Math eXtension, but officially it is a meaningless acronym trademarked by Intel |
| MMXEXT | MMX Extensions – an enhanced set of instructions compared to MMX |
| MON/MONITOR | CPU Monitor |
| MSR | RDMSR and WRMSR Support |
| MTRR | Memory Type Range Register |
| NX | No eXecute, a flag that can be set on memory pages to disable execution of code in these pages |
| PAE | Physical Address Extensions. PAE is the added ability of the IA32 processor to address more than 4 GB of physical memory using Intel’s 36bit page addresses instead of the standard 32bit page addresses to access a total of 64GB of RAM. Also supported by many AMD chips |
| PAT | Page Attribute Table |
| PBE | Pending Break Encoding |
| PGE | PTE Global Bit |
| PNI | Prescott New Instruction. This was the codename for SSE3 before it was released on the Intel Prescott processor (which was later added to the Pentium 4 family name). |
| PSE | Page Size Extensions. (See PSE36) |
| PSE36 | Page Size Extensions 36. IA-32 supports two methods to access memory above 4 GB (32 bits), PSE and PAE. PSE is the older and far less used version. For more information, take a look at [1]. |
| SEP | SYSENTER and SYSEXIT |
| SS | Self-Snoop |
| SSE | Streaming SIMD Extensions. Developed by Intel for its Pentium III but also implemented by AMD processors from Athlon XP onwards |
| SSE2 | Streaming SIMD Extensions 2. (An additional 144 SIMDs.) Introduced by Intel Pentium 4, on AMD since Athlon 64 |
| SSE3 | Streaming SIMD Extensions 3. (An additional 13 instructions) introduced with “Prescott” revision Intel Pentium 4 processors. AMD introduced SSE3 with the Athlon 64 “Venice” revision |
| SSSE3 | Supplemental Streaming SIMD Extension 3. (SSSE3 contains 16 new discrete instructions over SSE3.) Introduced on Intel Core 2 Duo processors. No AMD chip supports SSSE3 yet. |
| SSE4 | Streaming SIMD Extentions 4. Future Intel SSE revision adding 50 new instructions which will debut on Intel’s upcoming “Nehalem” processor in 2008. Also known as “Nehalem New Instructions (NNI)” |
| SVM | Secure Virtual Machine. (AMD’s virtualization extensions to the 64-bit x86 architecture, equivalent to Intel’s VMX, both also known as HVM in the Xen hypervisor.) |
| TM | Thermal Monitor |
| TM2 | Thermal Monitor 2 |
| TSC | Time Stamp Counter |
| VME | Virtual-8086 Mode Enhancement |
| VMX | Intel’s equivalent to AMD’s SVM |
| XTPR | TPR register chipset update control messenger. Part of the APIC code |
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Loading ...RPM und 64bit Systeme
05. Mai
Eieieiei, immer wieder muss ich nachschauen und aufs neue den rpm Befehl zusammen basteln. Jetzt schreibe ichs mal auf:
RPMs inklusive Architektur auf einem 64bit RHEL System auflisten lassen:
rpm -qa --qf "%{NAME}-%{VERSION}-%{RELEASE} (%{ARCH})\n"
Wenn ein Paket für mehrere Architekturen installiert ist, kann man mittels .
rpm -qi glib2.x86_64
Und deinstallieren des 64Bit Paketes:
rpm -e glib2.x86_64
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